Carved directly out of the bedrock during the 4th Dynasty (c. 2613-2494 BC), the Great Sphinx is the oldest of Egypt's colossal statues and, with a length of around 72 m and a height of approximately 20 m, the largest. Ancient Egyptian sphinxes represented the king with the body of a lion, a clear demonstration of his power.
The evidence points to the Great Sphinx of Giza being carved during the reign of Khafre (c. 2558-2532 BC). Careful archaeological research and architectural study have demonstrated the clear link between the Sphinx and the temple in front of it, the Sphinx Temple, with Khafre's pyramid complex. This is further supported by analysis of the Great Sphinx's facial features, which has revealed similarities with those of Khafre's statues.
The Great Sphinx has captured the imagination of travellers and explorers for millennia, even in ancient Egyptian times. During the 18th Dynasty (c. 1550-1295 BC), it came to be seen as a manifestation of the sun god, and was called Horemakhet 'Horus in the Horizon.
Thutmose IV (c. 1400-1390 BC) erected what is called the Dream Stela between its front paws. It records how, while still a prince, he fell asleep under the Sphinx's shadow, when it appeared to him in a dream as Horemakhet, saying that if he repaired it and cleared the sand that had reached it, he would give him the kingship of Egypt.
TIPS FOR VISITORS
1. Best time to visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid heat and crowds.
2. Dress modestly: Respect local customs and dress conservatively.
3. Tickets: Purchase tickets in advance or at the site.
At the Site
1. Respect the monument: Avoid touching or climbing on the Sphinx.
2. Guided tours: Consider hiring a guide for insights into history and significance.
3. Photography: Be mindful of photography restrictions and respectful of other visitors.
Safety and Precautions
1. Heat and sun protection: Bring sunscreen, hat, and water.
2. Crowds and pickpocketing: Be aware of your surroundings and keep valuables secure.
3. Health and hygiene: Take precautions against heat exhaustion and waterborne illnesses.
Additional Tips
1. Learn about the history: Understand the Sphinx's significance and mythology.
2. Explore the surrounding area: Visit the Pyramids of Giza, Solar Boat Museum, and other nearby attractions.
3. Support local businesses: Consider purchasing from local vendors or shops.
